Is Foreign Aid a Blessing or Curse?

Since the time of independence Pakistan has been facing macroeconomic exertions, such as vicious circle of poverty, less utilization of available natural re references, un thriving policy-making circumstances that influenced municipal economy and so on. To seize the deficiency, Pakistan has had to depend greatly on financial assistance made by distant countries. Pakistan has been seeking upkeep since 1947 from global lenders including International Monetary Fund (IMF), Asian Development money box (ADB) and World Bank.This financial economic aid poured mostly in the form of loans or debts with high interest rates. central of such assistance is the socio-economic development of the country. Financial assistance once taken as a blessing, appeared as to remove all the dearth of the economy. Resultantly many of the sectors started nourishing at par. Pakistan commenced its way towards developing nation simply 2005s earthquake ruined Pakistan leaving its awful economy further worsen .Though foreign aid showered in the country scarce, in fact, it directly went to the bank accounts of few effluents and hence with the passage of time, it proved that foreign aid has plow a curse instead of becoming blessing, not wholly perished the confidence of local people but corrupted more(prenominal) government officials. All the authorities here are now seeking more and more aid rather than to rely on their own available resources. Pakistan has already borrowed too frequently foreign aid in the form of loans and is still borrowing that has reached the historic over $60 billion.Debt charge up is continuously increasing so its interest rates that worth more than the debt itself. Now the economic daub is so deteriorated that for the payment of interest, Pakistan tries to get more loans. Pakistan has become now an aid addict and does not make policies to develop their economy with their own domestic resources. Officials do not pay attention for the development of the tech nology. They sound become entirely dependent on others. Major portion of aid particularly commodity aid is misappropriated by the concerned Government officials.Moreover, when aid is in terms of commodity such as wheat etc, which many times is provided at a very nominal price, discourages local production of that commodity because of higher cost of production within the country. This situation discourages local agricultural production. If jadeor country has back up in establishing imported substitution industry then raw material for the industry will present to be imported from loan wedded country otherwise industry will not cut through its production because particular raw material is not available locally.This causes heavy foreign exchange slant on economy. Pakistan is obtaining foreign aid for bridging gap between domestic savings and investment and alike to remedy balance of payments position but till now it has not been able to accomplish this task, rather both gaps a re continuously increasing. Sometimes aid giving countries interfere in the defense and foreign affairs of Pakistan. Thats why it is said that there are always political strings attached to the bilaterally symmetrical loans. Thus this is to be reveal here that all aid is not for economic rationales but also political.Most of the politicians misallocate the aid for its appropriate concern so to raise their pay, power and prestige. Thus aid is also promoting edacity and selfishness among the leaders of the realm. Pakistan was accessed as an independent nation but Pakistan is now fully dependent on the aid drug to eradicate all the absences. As soon as a new government takes purpose it is out to woe the US for aid, begs from the Saudis for a few crumbs and looks to countries like China for handouts. This must stop.To achieve self-conceit and start to improve the lives of the impoverished masses the country needs corrective surgery. The starting point should be adopting a culture of austerity and simplicity. The President, Prime Minister, Army Chief and Chief Justice should be given homes and protocol of ordinary citizens. The vestiges of colonial days, the pomp of office must go. Leaders must present themselves as a role model of modesty rather to complex the masses by their luxurious stuff.One has only to look across the border that how people present themselves in public in simple clothes, sans jewels and accessories, where ministers dont drive in flashy imported vehicles if a role model is needed. The next measure is to generate resources by taxing all. The first step should be agriculture. There is no more favorable time than now. In the past 3 to 4 years produce price including cotton progress to witnesses a runaway increase and most farmers have had their incomes increase by over 400 share in three years. Income tax is a failure in Pakistan however consumption tax earth-closet be promoted.All students going abroad for study should be required to get an NOC which would require their parents to explain the source of funds. All property purchase, vehicle purchase and airline ticket purchase should require an NTN number. Put in place consumption taxes. For examples vehicles over 1000 cc should progressively be taxed. Measures such as the above would document the economy and bring more of the black economy into the main stream. With a corrupt bureaucracy, political elite and military this may virtually impossible. So a revolution is needed to unshackle Pakistan.

Issue 11 taking sides clashing views on political issues seventeenth Essay

Issue 11 taking sides run into views on political issues seventeenth edition - Essay ExampleNobody can know what go forth happen to them tomorrow and when they entrust exactly fall ill. The indispensability of health damages is best mum at the time someone is critically ill and he/she cannot pay the hospital bill immediately. If he/she is assured of health insurance the person need not worry about how he/she will pay for the medical treatment. By this way it is within their reach to safeguard their health and future by from providing financial security the health insurance promotes good health. Reduced cost of health services offered by the insurance plans induces people to go for health checkups and to take preventive medical care thereby avoiding all impending major illness. Health insurance takes care of old people as well. Most of the working(a) families gestate no time to look after elderly people and they are left in old age homes. The old people often feel helpless wh en they are ill and have no money to pay for the hospital fees. If health insurance is available to them it will come to their present at the time of crisisMany people believe that in addition to providing financial stability, health insurance promotes good health. By reducing the personal cost of medical services, insurance induces people to go for rhythmical checkups there by avoiding any impending threat to their health.On comparing the health care body in US with the other industrialized nations in the world Ezra Klein says that Canada, France Great Britain and Germany provide better health care for their people at lesser cost than USCanada is a single payer, rather than a socialized system. That means the government is the primary purchaser of services, but providers themselves are private (Ezra Klein. The Health of Nations, the American Prospect, May 2007 (1820). In the single payer system the cost of medicines as well as administrative costs is lessIn the French system, wh ich is appreciated for its

Intermediate Management Accounting past paper Essay

Intermediate Management Accounting past paper - Essay ExampleNevertheless, the target pelf margin is seen to rise substantially from a low of -0.004% in form one to 10.25% in year three. (b) Issues facing firms like KZ in making decisions on the cost to cut in order to re fork over the specified target income level. Costs relevance It could be difficult for firms like KZ to associate all the costs involved to products. This makes the firm continue incurring costs that do not directly involve return hence eating on the margins. Cost classification The firm has not classified its costs appropriately. For instance, market costs ar classified as fixed costs and such costs are infallible to be consistent with sales made in a given year. In this regard, during year 2 and year 3, KZ sales were the analogous despite difference in marketing candidature undertaken. The marketing campaign should therefore be consistent with the amounts allocated in a given year. ... 27,000,000 Years Ca sh inflows in ?000 Discounting judge 17% N.P.V Year 0 (27,000) 1 (27,000) Year 1 1,454 0.855 1,243 Year 2 4,009 0.731 2,931 Year 3 3,904 0.624 2,436 Year 4 3,799 0.534 2,029 Total (18,361) Recoveries at the end of year 4 Technology estimated re-sale value ? 8,000,000 Reimbursement by customers - ? 2,000,000 Total ? 10,000,000 Net present value of recoveries = 10,000,000 x 0.534 = ? 5,340,000 Total Net Present Value (N.P.V) in ? 000 = (18,361) +5,340 = (13,021) (b) Comment Investment in the product should not be undertaken since it has a negative NPV. The net present value does not represent a proper assessment of the value of the new product since the impersonal of calculating NPV is to establish whether the project is viable. Question 11 Roles and limitation of transfer determine in managing divisional firms Roles Transfer pricing refers to the price at which services or goods are transferred between different units of the same organization. However, the degree in which transf er pricing contributes to firms profitability or covers costs is a matter of policy. The important role of transfer pricing includes optimization of groups profitability by supporting end congruence, motivate divisional managers of both buying and selling divisions to engage in business with one another, further realistic performance appraisal of different divisions, preservation of autonomy of divisional managers and also plays a crucial role in facilitating decision making. Transfer pricing leads to operation of different division whose profits are assessed separately. The management of a division becomes simpler and coordination of sales, production and pricing decisions are also eased. The principal types of transfer pricing includes Cost-based

Knowledge Management System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

experience Management System - Research base ExampleA Knowledge Management System (KMS) is often viewed to be a specially computerized knowing system that largely supports the generation, storage and broadcasting of information by a greater level. It is a strong processed central processing system and a kind of comfortably structured arrangement which offers great figure of tools to find the answers of different questions quickly. It is worth mentioning that information applied science (IT) is used in the KMS arrangement for conducting surrender flow of association. This field has become quite popular in recent days. The main reason behind(predicate) this is the advent of internet. KMS refers to an enhanced IT system that generally stores and retrieves knowledge, improves collaboration, locates related knowledge sources and uses knowledge. Basically, technology enhances the capabilities of KMS at large. The importance of knowledge in short letter organization is incessant ly becoming much which is ultimately making the mangers to think utilizing technology in their respective KMS. It helps for the knowledge generation, codification and the transfer of knowledge. A few of the examples of knowledge management assist providers include Cobble Soft International Ltd., ePath Learning, Knowledge Powered Solutions, KANA Software, Inc. and Overtone Software. KMS actually smoothes the flow of confabulation transfer. Any sort of information can be retrieved with the use of KMS. Knowledge management process requires well defined process of architecture for generating, storing, organizing, reviewing of knowledge. Today, economy is getting benefits from the contemporary communication and information technologies in ground of mounting the competence of the businesses globally by exchanging knowledge and ideas within the organizations (Maier, 2004). Globalization increases the communication between the organizations with the opening of newer information technolo gy involvement in KMS. Certain large organizations such as Ernst & Young and Andersen Consulting cede been viewed to exploit innovative technology in their respective KMS. They have developed a number of techniques for the figure of codification in the last five years (Hansen, 1999). The different activities along with the supporting procedures relating to the execution of technology oddly in KMS can be better understood with the help of the following graphical representation. character reference (Nevo, 2003) With this concern, this paper intends to discuss about the technological aspect relating to KMS. Various aspects like the role of technology especially in KMS, challenges along with critiques regarding this particular subject matter and valuable recommendations to mitigate those challenges will also be discussed in the paper. Role of Technology in KMS The increasing complexity of the business organization needs a process by which the knowledge can be transferred to anywhere in a faster way. Knowledge can now be seen as a factor of production. In this similar context, KMS has been introduced in business with the combination of information technology for a faster access (Rollett, 2003). The role of information technology especially in the arena of KMS not only lies on strategy implementation but also upon strategy formation as well. Thus,

Bose stadium sound system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bose stadium become system - Essay ExampleBose stadium sound systems be designed to strengthen audio sounds with a centre field focus. The highest amount of sound is transmitted to the spectators place at the farthest end of the stadium, there is less need for external source of sound since Bose systems give the gate easily relay waves to the different corners of the stadium. An analysis of Bose systems requires that a measurable and quantifiable quality and details of the venue be first entered into the Bose modeler software. Therefore it is important to first of all find the model that crush suits the type of stadium before installing it (BOSE UNITED STATES).Sound is the key aspect in a stadium that makes a game interesting, spectators want to hear what the commentator is saying to better experience the game, when the peck cannot hear from the speakers they become frustrated and no longer enjoy the game. This is where Bose sound systems come in since it amplifies sound to th e farthest corner, music and comments can be heard quickly enhancing the reaction of the

DIABETES - APA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DIABETES - APA - Essay ExampleIt is most common in those people having high weight down issues and family write up of diabetes problem. However, South Asiatic Women are highly prone to diabetes because of insulin resistance, high calorie diet and lack of natural activity. South Asians are emigrants and second generation from India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. It needs to be understood that Type-2 Diabetes is quite common among Asian Women that creates Insulin resistance along with disal junior-gradeing blood sugar to enter into cells and thus chance oning the energy level.Ramachandran and Vijay, (1999) believed that high weight and calorie rich diet along with genetics play an important role in change magnitude the chances of diabetes. There is no denying that Asian Women are on a healthier side because of high custom of oily and rich food stuffs. Their living standard and life style also makes things difficult for them in the short as well as in the long run.Sriskantharajah and Kai (2006) stated that people of South Asian origin have higher story of mortality and morbidity because of diabetes and heart complications. This is mainly because of the low degree of physical activity and wellness among this group compared to European and other ethnic groups. The prime reason place high degree of diabetes complications among South Asian Women is mainly because of issues like obesity, consumption of foods leading to obesity and low insulin and cholesterol resistance. Moreover, South Asian Women are not very much into physical activities that further affect the diabetes issues along with aggravating the issue.Diabetes is a metabolic disorder resulting in chronic hyperglycemia and Hyper lipidemia that ultimately induces multiple system pathologies increasing the risk for atherosclerosis, coronary heart diseases, myocardial infarction, renal disease and periodontitis. The routine of the study is to determine

Cost Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cost cover - Essay ExampleFor the stamping dept. of a manufacturing firm, the cadence cost for direct labor is $12 per hour, and the production standard calls for 1,000 stamping per hour. During June, 168 hours were required for actual production of 148,000 stampings. Actual direct labor cost for the stamping department for June was $2,184.An alternative to the foregoing monthly report which could improve control over the stamping departments direct labor is to plus the production prize in the previous month to in 1 hr = 1200 stampings. _____________________________________________________________________Coastal Industries has naturalized direct labor performance standards for its maintenance and repair shop. However, some of the labor records were destroyed during a novel fire. The actual hours worked during March were 4,000, and the total direct labor budget variance was $2,200 unfavorable. The standard labor rate was $18 per hour, but recent registrations allowed the firm to hire lower-paid replacement workers for some jobs, and this produced a favorable rate variance of $3,200 fro March.Fiber works Company is a manufacturer of fiberglass toy boats. The company has of late implemented a standard cost system and has designed the system to isolate variances as curtly as possible. During the month of august, the following results were reported for the production of 50,000 toy