The Definition Of Health Management Essay

The Definition Of wellness prudence Es supposeThis assignment is truly leave behind describe slightly the contradictory demand of exist diminution plan and the need to invest to enhance the standard of wellness, precaution and environs (HSE) in the industry. This assignment consist of the explanation of wellness, the definition of Safety, the definition of environment, passkey plaque in Malaysia, salute Reduction, do great, Discussion and also the Conclusion of this assignment.2.0 THE description OF HEALTHHealth is the level of snuff ital or metabolic aptitude of a living beingness. In mercifuls, it is the general actor of a persons mind and body, usu eithery meaning to be free fromillness, brandor perturb(as in good wellness or wellnessy). The humanness Health Organization(WHO) defined wellness in its broader sense in 1946 as a state of complete natural, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence seizure of disease or in stiffity. Systematic ac tivities to block or cure wellness problems and promote good health in humans be undertaken byhealth cargon providers. Applications with regard to savage health ar cover by the veterinary sciences. The term healthy is also widely utilize in the context of umpteen casings of non-living governing bodys and their impacts for the benefit of humans, such as in the sense ofhealthy communities,healthy citiesorhealthy environments. In do-gooder to health c ar interventions and a persons surroundings, a number of opposite federal agents are cognize to influence the health status of individuals, including their background, lifestyle, and economic and social conditions, these are referred to as determinants of health. Gener in ally, the context in which an individual lives is of great importance for his health status and persona of life. It is increasingly recognized that health is prevailed and amend not goodly through and through the advancement and application ofhealth scie nce, and also through the drives and intelligentlifestylechoices of the individual and society. According to theWorld Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the carnal environment, and the persons individual characteristics and behaviors.3.0 THE DEFINITION OF SAFETYSafetyis the state of being uninjured, the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage,error,accidents, disabilityor any other event which could be considered non-desirable. Safety fanny also be defined to be the control of recognized hazards to master an acceptable level of take a chance. This tail assembly take the form of being protected from the event or from exposure to aboutthing that ca affairs health or economical losses. It cease include protection of people or of possessions.There are deuce slightly different meanings of good. For shell,home condomwhitethorn indicate a buildings ability to protect against external harm events (such as weather, home invasion, etc.), or whitethorn indicate that its internal installations (such as appliances, stairs, etc.) are safe (not unreliable or harmful) for its inhabitants. Safety is the condition of a steady state of an organization or place doing what it is supposed to do. What it is supposed to do is defined in terms of earth codes and standards, associated architectural and engineering designs, corporate vision and military mission statements, and operational plans and personnel policies. For any organization, place, or function, large or small, safety is a normative conception. It complies with situation- originateicularised definitions of what is expected and acceptable. Security is the figure out or means, physical or human, of delaying, preventing, and otherwise protecting against external or internal, defects, dangers, los s, criminals, and other individuals or actions that threaten, hinder or destroy an organizations steady state, and deprive it of its intended habit for being.Safety clear be limited in relation to someguaranteeor a standard ofinsuranceto the pure tone and unharmful function of an target area or organization. It is workoutd in run to condition that the object or organization will do only what it is meant to do. It is all- in-chief(postnominal)(a) to exculpate that safety is relative. Eliminating allrisk, if even possible, would be extremely difficult and genuinely expensive. A safe situation is one where risks of injury or airscrew damage are low and manageable.4.0 THE DEFINITION OF ENVIRONMENT4.1 Environment dodgeInscienceandengineering, a dodgingis the split of theuniversethat is being studied, while theenvironmentis the remainder of the universe that lies outside the boundaries of the system. It is also known as thesurroundings, and inthermodynamics, as thereservoir. In some field of battles, such as randomness theory,informationmay also be exchanged. The environment is snub in psychoanalysis of the system, except in regards to these interactions. The Environmental systems are zippy to the human race and to all living organisms. Without the systems in place and working, we would all cease to exist. Rivers and streams are an example, if the system of this were to not work, then the whole system would collapse.4.2 Environmental HealthEnvironmental healthis a branch of universe healthconcerned with all aspects of thenaturalandbuilt environmentthat may affect humanhealth. early(a) phrases that concern or refer to the discipline of environmental health includeenvironmental public healthandenvironmental health and protection. The field of environmental health differs fromenvironmental sciencein that environmental health is concerned with environmental factors affecting human health whereas environmental science is concerned with the environment a s it affects ecosystems. Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the connect factors impacting behaviours. It encompasses the judicial determination and control of those environmental factors that sens potentially affect health. It is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments. This definition excludes behaviour not related to environment, as well as behaviour related to the social and cultural environment, and genetics. Environmental health is defined by theWorld Health Organization. Those aspects of the human health and disease that are compulsive by factors in the environment. It also refers to the theory and practice of assessing and controlling factors in the environment that wad potentially affect health. Environmental health as used by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, includes both the direct ghoulish effects of chemicals, radiation and some biological agents , and the effects (often indirect) on health and well being of the broad physical, psychological, social and cultural environment, which includes housing, urban development, lay use and transport.4.3 Environmental Health ProfessionEnvironmental health practitioners may be known assanitarians,public health inspectors, environmental health specialists,environmental health officersor environmental health practitioners. In many other(prenominal) European countries, physicians and veterinarians are involved in environmental health. In the united Kingdom, practitioners must have a graduate distri yetor point in environmental health and be certified and registered with the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health. In Canada, practitioners in environmental health are required to obtain an approved bachelors degree in environmental health a capacious with the national victor certificate the Certificate in Public Health Inspection (Canada). many another(prenominal) states in theUn ited Statesalso require that individuals have a bachelors degree and professionallicensesin order to practice environmental health.4.4 Disciplines of Environmental HealthThree basic disciplines generally contribute to the field of environmental health. The triad disciplines of Environmental Health is environmental epidemiology, toxicology, and exposure science. Each of these disciplines contributes different information to describe problems in environmental health, but thither is some crossway among them.Environmental epidemiologystudies the relationship surrounded by environmental exposures (including exposure to chemicals, radiation, microbiological agents, etc.) and human health. empiric studies, which simply ob make out exposures that people have already experienced, are universal in environmental epidemiology because humans cannot ethically be exposed to agents that are known or suspected to cause disease. While the inability to use experimental study designs is a limitati on of environmental epidemiology, this discipline forthwith ob functions effects on human health rather than estimating effects from animal studies.Toxicologystudies how environmental exposures lead to specific health outcomes, generally in animals, as a means to understand possible health outcomes in humans. Toxicology has the supporter of being able to conduct randomized controlled trials and other experimental studies because they can use animal subjects. However in that respect are many differences in animal and human biology, and there can be a smokestack of uncertainty when interpreting the results ofanimal studiesfor their implications for human health. impression sciencestudies human exposure to environmental contaminants by both makeing and appraiseing exposures. Exposure science can be used to support environmental epidemiology by better describing environmental exposures that may lead to a particular health outcome, identify general exposures whose health outcomes may be better understood through a toxicology study, or can be used in a risk assessment to determine whether current levels of exposure might exceed recommended levels. Exposure science has the reward of being able to very accurately assess exposures to specific chemicals, but it does not generate any information about health outcomes like environmental epidemiology or toxicology.Information from these three disciplines can be combined to conduct arisk assessmentfor specific chemicals or mixtures of chemicals to determine whether an exposure poses significant risk to human health.5.0 skipper ORGANIZATION IN MALAYSIA1. occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA)Occupational Safety and Health Agency OSHA is comprised of a diverse team of safety and quality professionals whose expertise is focused on what the fellowship does best. With technical expertise as diverse and complex as the sites and facilities of its clients, OSHA is strategically positioned to help the modulate co mmunity manage a wide range of technical and regulative issues related to past, present and future operations.OSHA is distinguished by the range and build of professional disciplines it provides the advanced technical expertise of OSHA staff and professional contributions that OSHA has do to industry as well as the local community through participation in a number of projects and events that have helped to raise public awareness related to safety, and quality concerns.OSHA has established long term-valued relationships with our clients, providing customized approaches to occupational injury and illness prevention. The OSHA organization work closely and discretely with clients to identify hazards and provide linear perspective on risk. OSHA can then correct deficiencies and improve performance at bottom an existing organizational framework.2. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Malaysia is a com pany limited by guarantee owned by the Government of Malaysia. In the words of the Minister of Human Resources, Malaysia, NIOSH would be a critical gun in the promotion of occupational safety and health that would also serve as the backbone to create a self-regulating occupational safety and health culture in Malaysia. NIOSH is committed to ensure a safe and healthy working environment to all employees and others involved in or affected by its operation taking into account statutory necessary and relevant national and international standards and codes of practices. actionation and efficientness of this constitution is a line management responsibility together with the participation and involvement of all employees and NIOSH will ensure that adequate resources, training and time are make available.Safety and Health management systems and programmes will be regularly reviewed to ensure continuous improvement.Humanistic approach will be adopted by NIOSH to promote a safe and healthy work culture which employer and employees packet the common responsibility of creating a better work environment for all.This policy will be monitored to ensure achievement of our objectives and reviewed in light of legislative or organizational changes.6.0 COST REDUCTION bell reductionis the process used by companies to reduce theircostand increase their additions. Depending on a companysservicesorproduct, the strategies can vary. However, it is important to remember that every decision in the product development process affectscost. Companies typically launch a newly product without focusing too much on cost. woo becomes more(prenominal) important when competition increases and price becomes a differentiator in the market. There are several types of main cost reduction strategies-provider consolidationComponent consolidationRe-source to low cost countriesRequest For Quotations supplier cost breakdown analysisFunction analysis / Value analysis / Value engineering excogitate Fo r Manufacture / Design For Assembly mouse costing woo driver analysisShould cost crossing benchmarkingDesign to costDesign workshops with suppliersCompetitor benchmarkingThere are rightcost reductiontechniques and there are wrong ones. using the right strategies will result in a more efficient company spending. Using the wrong techniques will create a reduction of put downs required to maintain product quality and company value. It is a fine line sometimes, but a systematic approach can help managers quash devising serious mistakes in the rush to make do expenses. monetary value management strategies should be utilized as lucks of a larger objective to maintain upper limit realizeability. As such, cutting expenses will be just one part of a plan that focuses also on maximizing revenue. Effective techniques will begin with the setting of goals and objectives. There can be many reasons wherefore a company might need to cut costs.To create spare cash reservesTo reduce price o f product or serviceTo bring expenses in line with revenuesTo eliminate unnecessary expenses or wasteful spendingTo increase company valueTo increase competitive advan tag endeTo move costs amid departmentsIdentifying the goal of the expense reduction use of goods and services will assist with implementation of an effective plan. In other words, if you dont know why you are cutting costs, how are you going to know where to cut costs? The habit of expense reduction is to help the company towards long term survival. Purposes of expense reduction includeCreate cash for reinvest in research and development dilute manufacturing costs to stay competitive lop costs as a non sugar so able to serve more peopleLower costs of service in order to provide additional servicesTo become more efficientTo prevent employee lay-offsTo prevent reduction in employee benefitsCost reduction techniques should also be evaluated in terms of impact on the organization. Prioritizing the goals of the cost cu tting program will insure that the strategies are implemented appropriately. There are many different ways a company can institute a plan to reduce expenses.Across the board reductionsPrioritized reductionsDepartmental reductionsReductions based on professional assessmentCost reduction techniques can be an important strategy for another reason. They can teach a company to be economical, by forcing a regular review of spending at every level of the organization. It can keep a company vital and streamlined.The alternating(a) Considered Cost Reduction IdeasWhen seeking to reduce its expenditures on goods and services, the first prospect in many organizations is Lets find cheaper suppliers. But in many cases, sourcing for new suppliers are either not practical or its a suboptimal alternative.Fortunately, there are several ideas for achieving cost reductions without switching suppliers.Ask You May gain Ask your suppliers if they have cost savings ideas. You never know when the respo nse may surprise you.Aggregation According to Patton, Aggregation is any effort that makes the buyers requirements more attr active to the seller by bundling those requirements with the volume of other buyers. This can be internal across business units or geographies or external with other companies. For external bundling, you can build your own syndicate or join an existing group purchasing organization.Spec systematisation Spec rationalization involves looking at the goods and services you buy and ascertain smarter ways to specify them. Patton shares an example from previous employment We discovered that we had between 80 and 100 different specifications across the company worldwide for water. No reasonable person in Purchasing or Engineering is gonna say that we really need that many specs for water.Leveraging The Supply string In this technique, youre looking at suppliers suppliers, one or 2 move back in the supply chain, Patton explains. Sometimes, the biggest cost set in the par is really out of your own immediate suppliers direct control. Patton recommends working to identify situations where several of your suppliers buy the aforementioned(prenominal) material towards what they make for you and then leverage that combined demand to drive cost reductions from lower tier suppliers.7.0 cabbageA financial benefit that is realized when the amount of revenue gained from a business activity exceeds the expenses, costs and taxes needed to sustain the activity. Any profit that is gained goes to the businesss possessors, who may or may not decide to spend it on the business. Calculated asProfit = entireness Revenue resume ExpensesProfit is the money a business makes after accounting for all the expenses. no matter of whether the business is a couple of kids running a lemonade stand or a publicly traded multinational company, consistently earning profit is every companys goal.7.1 economical ProfitIn neoclassicalmicroeconomictheory, the termprofit has two related but distinct meanings.Normal profitrepresents the quantity chance costsof a venture to an investor, whereaseconomic profitis, at least in theneoclassical microeconomic theorywhich dominates modern economics, the difference between afirms totalrevenueand all costs (including normal profit). A related concept, sometimes considered synonymous in certain contexts, is that ofeconomic rent. Other types of profit have been referenced, includingsocial profit(related toexternalities). It is not to be manifold withprofit in finance and accounting, which is equal to revenue minus only explicit costs andsuper profit. Profit is not synonymous with the concepts of profitability and theprofit motive.7.2 Normal ProfitNormalprofit is a component of (implicit) costs and so not a component of business profit at all. It represents the opportunity cost for enterprise, since the time that the owner spends running the firm could be spent on running another firm. The enterprise component of normal profit is thus the profit that a business owner considers necessary to make running the business worth his while for example it is comparable to the next best amount the entrepreneur could earn doing another job. Particularly if enterprise is not included as afactor of production, it can also be viewed a return to capital for investors including the entrepreneur, tantamount(predicate) to the return the capital owner could have expected (in a safe investment), plus compensation for risk. In other words, the cost of normal profit varies both within and across industries it is commensurate with the riskiness associated with each type of investment, as per the risk-return spectrum. Only normal profits arise in circumstances ofperfect competitionwhen long runeconomic equilibriumis reached there is no incentive for firms to either enter or leave the industry.8.0 intelligence1. Cost Reductionby DesignHow to sign on Product Cost by DesignPracticeConcurrent Engineeringwith early and active participation of manufacturing, purchasing, vendors, etc.ImplementDesign for Manufacturability( DFM ),Design for extend, andDesign for partFor dramatic cost reduction half cost to order-of-magnitudeoptimize the concept/architecture phaseTo convert ideas, research or prototypes into viable products, use commercialization techniques to ensure successActivities Supportive to Low Cost Product DevelopmentCo-locating Engineering with Manufacturingensures the best teamwork avoid distantoff shoringIf outsourcing, choose local vendors which ensures early and active vendor participation in product development teamsPre-select Vendor/Partnerswho will help develop products, avoid low-bidding so that vendors will help with designImplementstandardizationand good product portfolio planning for the best focus gibe cost barsto quantify all costs affected by designCorrectingCounterproductive Policies. tender ventures and start-ups will be able to implement these principles right away. Established companies may have to first correctcounterproductive policies, by prioritizing portfolio planning, scrutinizing high-overhead sales, emphasizing perfect up-front work, quantifying all costs, and avoiding time-draining attempts toreduce cost after design, going for thelow-bidder, or woful production offshore. See fullarticle on counterproductive policies.2. course ProductionCost ReductionHow to Reduce Manufacturing CostImplement Lean ProductionActivities Supportive to Lean ProductionDesign product families for carry productionConcurrently Engineer flexible processesImplementstandardization to alterdock-to-line distributionRationalize products to eliminate the close to preposterous products with the most unusual split and processes sum up cost measurements to quantify all costs related to manufacturingKeep control of manufacturing in house or with vendor/partners.3. beltCost ReductionHow to Reduce Overhead CostImplementBuild-to-Orderand rush Customizationto build pro ducts on-demand without forecasts or inventoryActivities Supportive to Build-to-Order Mass CustomizationImplement take to the woods productionRationalize productsTotal cost measurementsto quantify overhead costs4.StandardizationCost ReductionHow to Reduce Cost with StandardizationImplement Standardizationwith a practical procedure has been developed to standardize part and materials for new designsActivities Supportive to StandardizationRationalize productsto eliminate or source the most unusual products that have the most unusual parts and materialsTotal cost measurementsto justify standardization efforts and encourage picking standard parts5.Product arguing RationalizationCost ReductionHow to Reduce Cost with Product Line RationalizationImplement Product Line Rationalizationto eliminate or outsource low-profit products that have high overhead demands and are not compatible with cost reduction strategiesActivities Supportive to Product Line RationalizationProduct Portfolio Plann ing focuses new product developmentTotal cost measurementsto identify opportunities and supports rationalization decisions6.Supply set up prudenceCost ReductionHow to Reduce Cost in Supply Chain ManagementDesign products around standard partsto simplify Supply Chain ManagementStandardize partsto focus Supply Chain Management on high-volume, easy to get partsRationalize away the most unusual productswhich have the most usual, hardest-to-get partsEstablish Vendor/Partnerships, which saves more money thanlow-biddingActivities Supportive to Supply Chain Cost ReductionTotal cost measurementsto encourage and justify standardization and rationalizationDont merge acquired products into the same plant or build others products7.Quality CostReductionHow to Reduce the Cost of QualityEliminating quality costs starts withdesigning in qualityRationalizing away unusual productsraises net factory quality and avoids wasting quality resources on inherently lower quality productsActivities Supportive to Quality Cost ReductionTotal cost measurements to quantify the Cost of Quality8.Total CostMeasurement to Support All Cost Reduction ActivitiesHow to Reduce Cost with Total Cost MeasurementsImplement total cost measurementwith the easy-to-implementcost driverapproachActivities Supportive to Total Cost MeasurementsUntil total cost can be quantified, everyone must make decisions based ontotal cost thinkingSenior management understands the importance of quantifying total cost, implements total cost measurements, and encourages all cost decisions to be make on basis of total cost9.0 CONCLUSIONAs conclusion we can said that, the objectives of this assignment have been achieved which is to understand how to be cost effective but yet meeting the ever increasing HSE requirement. The conclusion is made due to what I have done about this assignment, describe mighty about the problem required in this assignment. Cost becomes more important when competition increases and price becomes a diff erentiator in the market. Identifying the goal of the expense reduction exercise will assist with implementation of an effective plan. The purpose of expense reduction is to help the company towards long term survival.10.0 REFERENCES1 http//mydiposh.wordpress.com/tag/niosh-malaysia/2 http//www.niosh.com.my/en/3 http//www.pwc.com/gx/en/cost-reduction/index.jhtml4 http//www.the-cost-reduction-consultant.com/CostReduction.html5 http//www.nextlevelpurchasing.com/articles/cost-reduction-ideas.html?gclid6 http//www.halfcostproducts.com/